英译汉——省译法
由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异,原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘,不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下,就要把一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等省去不译,但是不能影响原文的意义表达。
例如:
There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
天未下雪,但叶落草枯。
【分析】在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚,所以省译了 from the trees。
英译汉——顺译法
按照英语表达的层次顺序,依次翻译英语句子,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。
例如:
He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.
他看得出,她一生含辛茹苦,如今苦尽甘来,嘴边总是带着温柔、圣洁的微笑。
【分析】英语句子的顺序,从意思上讲,与汉语句子的顺序是一致的。